Literature Review Globalization and Competition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1467 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? LITERATURE REVIEW Commonly, promoting focuses on your wants of the owner, advertising and marketing within the needs of the buyer (customer). The intention of business is usually to acquire as well as hold a buyer. Or maybe, to make use of Andrew Drucker`s much more refined building to generate as well as hold a buyer. (Through item differentiation as well as cost competition) Intercontinental advertising and marketing entails your advertising and marketing of merchandise as well as companies beyond the organization`s house land. International advertising and marketing is a sophisticated type of overseas advertising and marketing which engages a lending broker inside advertising and marketing functions in many countries. Worldwide advertising and marketing means advertising and marketing activities synchronized as well as included across a number of areas. Technological innovation as well as globalization shapes the earth. The 1st allows ascertain man tastes; y our second, fiscal realities. Standardized consumer items, reduced price as well as technological innovation usually are tips regarding prosperous globalization. Your globalization of areas is at hands. With this, your international professional globe nears its stop, and so may your international business. Your world`s desires and needs are already irrevocably homogenized (market needs). This particular makes your international business outdated and the world wide business overall. No one can be risk-free via worldwide get to and the irresistible companies of level (reduction of prices as well as prices) as well as setting. Your international as well as worldwide business wont be the same thing. Your international business runs in a lot of countries as well as tunes it’s items as well as practices inside every single on substantial comparable prices. Worldwide advertising and marketing could be the technique of putting attention a good organization`s means within the collecti on as well as exploitation of worldwide industry chances consistent with as well as loyal of its quick as well as long-term ideal targets as well as targets. With this paper, my partner and I tried to analyze your techniques a firm competes inside worldwide surroundings by applying diverse practices. Individual’s practices change in many ways a company’s functionality as well as enthusiasm let. A corporation should be careful inside applying these practices prior to globalizing its functions. Simply because often these practices might crash as well as end in loss of benefit or even possibly closure of the business. I suggest helping audience for getting more information with this issue. For example, they might call the corporation, under secretariat of Overseas Deal, best Chambers of Commerce or even every other public or even personal corporation positioned in Egypt or even in another country. They will might also utilize any kind of stockpile or even web means. (Akka ya, 2005) Inside the area of overseas advertising and marketing, your question on the degree of standardization or even version possesses entertained a large component of beyond research. The issue, nevertheless extensively reviewed, hasnt been tired yet, given that, in-depth statistical examination as well as way of measuring of the comparable bodyweight of components affecting your decision will still be necessary to boost each of our knowledge on it. This particular study makes a substantial step toward removing that space and provides an important supplement both to help theoretical understanding and managerial programs on the subject. Vignali as well as Vrontis (1999) reveal until this question initiated since 1961, any time Elinder (1961) thought to be this with respect to worldwide marketing. In that period of time, marketing and the desire for overseas standardization ended up being in the centre of your question (Kanso as well as Kitchens, 2004). Intercontinental marketi ng standardization can have necessitated a standard marketing strategy regarding promotional advertisements of international enterprises. This particular question subsequently expanded via marketing to the promotional blend and today involves the complete advertising and marketing blend (Schultz as well as Kitchens, 2000; Kanso as well as Kitchens, 2004; Kitchens as well as de Pelsmacker, 2004). Remarkably, nearly 50 percent a hundred years later on, your question upon standardizing advertising and marketing internationally, can be constant (Vrontis as well as Kitchens, 2005). Even a cursory overview of your literary works pinpoints a couple of primary approaches together with amazing endurance, that is, version as well as standardization of overseas advertising and marketing practices. Ryans(2003) claim that in the last forty five decades there is a substantial expansion of school study in your community of overseas advertising and marketing standardization. During this era, scient ists applied much more superior statistical strategy. Furthermore, they explain which fiscal as well as aggressive situation have modified over that time period. Before, fiscal progress ended up being concentrated within the excessive of exports over imports. Organizations had been concentrated purely upon reducing expense as well as raising exports. However, as a result of improvements inside fiscal situation, firms understood which expense minimization by you can be inadequate. By means of changing, firms grew to become much more consumer oriented and more superior approaches had been made as well as given to ascertain as well as satisfy consumers’ needs. Fans of standardization considered areas because more and more homogeneous as well as worldwide inside setting as well as level as well as presumed the essential regarding your survival as well as expansion is a multinational’s ability to standardize merchandise as well as companies (Fatt, 1967; Buzzell, 1968; Levit t, 1983; Yip, 1996). Fans of standardization stipulate which customers needs; desires as well as demands tend not to vary significantly across areas or even nations around the world. The general conceptual disagreement can be the globe has grown more and more similar inside words of environmentally friendly components as well as consumer demands as well as no matter physical spots, customers develop the identical demands. For example, Levitt (1983) in a very landmark papers, suggested which standardization of the advertising and marketing blend and the design of an sole strategy for your worldwide industry, gives companies of level inside output as well as advertising and marketing as well as furthermore can be consistent with precisely what he or she termed your â€Å"mobile consumer†. Conversely, promoters of version like Kashani (1989) reveal problems inside by using a standard strategy and as a consequence assistance industry tailoring as well as version to fit your †Å"unique dimensions† of diverse overseas areas (Thrassou as well as Vrontis, 2006). More especially, supporters of the overseas Version University of Thought argue there are insurmountable variances concerning countries and also concerning locations in the identical land (Papavassiliou as well as Stathakopoulos, 1997). It is suggested which marketers usually are governed by numerous macro-environmental components, like climate, battle, topography, vocations, flavor, legislation, culture, technological innovation as well as modern society (Czinkota as well as Ronkainen, 1998). Paliwoda as well as Thomas (1999) broaden that number to include consumer preferences, disposable cash flow, taxation, nationalism, community work prices, literacy as well as numbers of education and learning. Fans with this university stipulate which international corporations need to find out how to change his or her marketing strategy as well as practices (marketing blend elements) in order to match in dustry demands. Each colleges of thought inside by themselves seem to be reasonable, logical as well as coherent, showcasing associate programs as well as benefits which a international business may attain by applying either strategy. It is only if 1 focuses on your excessive placement of either which they often times grow to be not practical as well as incoherent. Advertising and marketing reality regarding multinationals will not rest inside either of the a couple of polarized positions, because both operations may very well coexist, possibly within the identical business, manufacturer product line, or even manufacturer (Kitchen, 2003; Vrontis, 2003; Soufani et al., 2006).These particular papers swells upon present function on the subject to analyze your sophisticated interrelationship of assorted components concerned for the adoption of the couple of approaches (adaptation as well as standardization). This brings useful insights into your level as well as character with this conn ection as well as pinpoints sensible problems in relation to overseas advertising and marketing practices. Specially, that paper investigates your approaches used inside the greatest one thousand UK-based multinationals in terms of diverse industry accessibility procedures. â€Å"Multinationals† in the context with this study mean corporations which in turn are already running inside or even transferring to help unusual areas on the amount of no less than a few decades. Your appearance with this study stems from its superior statistical modeling strategy, which in turn corroborates beyond study via much more in-depth statistical examination; as well as via its results, that are fitted with shown the advertising and marketing good reasons yanking toward version or even standardization tend not to have the identical degree of relevance inside tactical conduct (marketing blend design). Furthermore, the analysis isolates these kinds of in â€Å"significant† as well as â₠¬Å"peripheral† versions as well as contains results in prescriptive results as well as managerial implication. (Vrontis, 2009) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Literature Review: Globalization and Competition" essay for you Create order

Economic Transition of China - 1069 Words

Two Years after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, it became apparent to many of Chinas leaders that Economic reform was necessary. By 1978 Chinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by Hua Guofeng, the man who had succeeded Mao Zedong as CCP leader after Maos death (Shirk 35). As Susan L. Shirk describes the situation in The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China, restoring the CCPs prestige required improving economic performance and raising living standards. After the communist take over the country, Mao contained his emphasis on moral force by demanding that Chinese citizens demonstrate what he referred as correct consciousness. It is noteworthy that shirk feels that the Chinese†¦show more content†¦The United States, especially, has been concerned with Chinas treatment of political dissidents. In May, President Clinton decided to end linking Chinas trade status with the United States with its record on human rights. China is fully aware of United States concerns about its human rights record. Given the fact that the United States has made it clear to China that that record will be allied with trade status, Chinas timing of such restrictive activities has caused United States legislators and administrators to question Chinas sincerity in its desire to have a favored trade status with the United States. China appears not to understand or to be able to follow through on fundamental modern economic practices. Even on a day to day basis, Chinas economic leaders seem unable to understand how some aspects of a market economy work. It is no wonder that Chinese investors become anxious about their investmen ts. The issuance of shares in the Shandong Huaneng Power Development Company also demonstrates the lack of expertise on the part of the Chinese in the modern world market. Certainly, one thing that the CCP has attempted to do is create a market economy while retaining a state controlled system. 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But, in the 1990’s, China and Russia began to stray from their commu nist systems in their own ways. Russia began the shift with rapid political liberalization under Gorbachev followed by the fall of the Soviet Union. China, on the other hand, embarked on a managed transition with step by step introduction of capitalism while the CCP remained the sole political powerRead MoreComparing Russia And China Relations1646 Words   |  7 PagesRussia and China face many similar challenges in their transitions to market economies. Both countries have extremely large populations and huge landmasses. They also both are autonomous countries that have experienced thousands of years of autocracy. Historically being land empires in the center of Eurasia, they developed strong central state legacies with distinct identities, cultures, and legitimacies. 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Nearly 8,500 miles apart, yet both countries continue to have a well-established relation, and China’s interest in Cuba remains aggressive. Both China, a Single-party regime lead by XI Jinping and the Chinese Communist Party. And Cuba, a Single-party regime controlled by Fidel Castro’s BrotherRead MoreFall of Authoritarian Regimes1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthese regimes rely on for legitimacy, economic success to fund the system of political co-optation, both of these authoritarian regimes would fall unto their sides. Economic crisis, in addition to political issues fundamentally present in the regimes of both countries, will jeopardize the current system of political co-optation that have allowed both regimes to survive. I will argue this through first discussing the role of rising college graduates and economic crisis will play in the fall of the Chinese

Health Case History Down Syndrome and Moderate Intellectual Disabilit

Question: Discuss about theHealth Case History for Down Syndrome and Moderate Intellectual Disability. Answer: Introduction: Health Challenges People with lifetime and chronic diseases experience various medical complications, and it might be risky to their lives if there are not nursing interventions to manage their conditions. This paper is focusing on a 45-year-old man who suffers Down syndrome, moderate intellectual disability and type II diabetes. These are health conditions that need a lot of medical concern. Otherwise his life will remain to be in danger. For example, an individual who suffers Down syndrome is prone to other diseases such as skin and bladder infections. This is according to the case studies that has been performed to people with Down syndrome and it has been discovered that their immune system is always low. In addition around half of the population having Down syndrome may experience heart diseases, thus affecting their respiratory systems. Around 10-15% of the children diagnosed with Down syndrome are said to experience heart diseases that require surgery interventions and research shows that the chances of survival for these victims are between 0.8-0.9 (Chicoine McGuire, 2010). Therefore, some other health challenges that might be experienced by victims of Down syndrome include Leukaemia, Thyroid, Hearing problems, Vision issues, sleeping problems and dementia among other psychiatric cases. Research shows that the probability of a child suffering Down syndrome to suffer hearing problems is above 0.8, thus making it a point of concern for the paediatricians among other physicians (Chicoine McGuire, 2010). An individual suffering moderate intellectual disability experiences issue related state of the mind. Therefore, several abnormalities are observed, especially that are related to the coordination or the mind and the other body parts. For instance, the intelligence quotient level for such kind of people always ranges from 35 to 49 (Horn, 2011). Therefore, according to the IQ scale chart, these values are for the individual whose intelligence under the borderline. Such individual requires a lot of care concerning methods of keeping them informed on how to undertake lifes activities. Some other health cases include developmental delays and little ability to communicate among other social problems. The man will also experience health issues related to Type 2 diabetes that will worsen his medical state. These medical problems include frequent urination and increased thirst, increased hunger, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, areas of darkened skin and frequent infections (Munshi et a l., 2016). Activity and Participation The activities and participation of this man are negatively affected by his medical conditions that need several nursing and health interventions to provide support. Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability, this man needs critical support because there is a significant effect on his normal body functioning. It can be stated that the immune system of the patient is disabled because it is unable to provide sufficient support to the body against diseases. Therefore, several infections will be observed that might raise discomfort in life and the involved activities. Some of the diseases that might be experienced include bladder and skin infections. Heart defects are among other health problems that might be experienced by the people suffering from Down syndrome and diabetes (Horn, 2011). Heart and thyroid abnormalities that might be experienced affects the normal functioning of the body, leading to several body dysfunctions such as breathing and irregular hormone production. Also, the effectiveness of the eyes and ears is reduced leading to related personal and social issues. Impaired learning for children and adolescent can be caused by sleeping disorders among other psychiatric problems. This is also caused by the reduced intelligence level caused by moderate intellectual disability, which might lead to mental illness for the rest of his life. Reduced ability to communication and inability to learn and understand effectiveness are among other problems that might affect the functioning of this man suffering such diseases. As a result of Type 2 diabetes, other issues might be experienced such as frequent urinations leading to increased thirst. This indicates that the normal functioning of the bladder is affected, and there is a need for medical intervention(s). Increased hunger is experienced because the body does have enough insulin that moves sugar into the blood cells. Therefore, as a result of deprived sugar levels in the body, fatigue might also be experienced. The inability to metabolise glucose in the body, the victim will experience weight despite the fact that a lot of food is taken. The effect of reduced immunity, the victim will experience a slowed healing of sores or frequent infections into the body. Type 2 Diabetes Nursing Support Type 2 diabetes requires a lot of nursing care before of the criticality of the health condition. If there are not effective nursing interventions implemented, the patient might live in discomfort because of failed support and control. The nursing intervention to be discussed in this paper will focus on the required physical activities and diet-related control and health support (Franz Wylie-Rosett, 2007). The physical activities I will undertake as a nursing will be preventive measures against other infections or discomfort to the living standards of the patient. Therefore, the rationales of the nursing interventions will be aimed at ensuring that the patient is living comfortably in his environs. Also, the diet interventions used will focus on balancing the nutrition of the patient for better body immunity (Begg, 2011). The risk of infection for a patient might include raised glucose levels, UTIs, decreased function of the leukocyte, pre-existing respiratory infections and alterations in circulation among others. If the symptoms perceived to these health problems are observed, it will be an indication that the patient is experiencing extended health problems related to the persisting diseases. There are physical interventions that can be used to reduce the risk of infection for such medical issues. The aim of such medical interventions will be to make him understand that there is need of nursing assistance in such condition (Carpenito, 2009). Also, techniques that can be used to reduce chances of infection will be demonstrated to the other people who are supporting this man in daily activities. Following these nursing interventions will help in reducing the probability of the patient infecting other diseases that might be linked to the pre-existing health problems. As a nurse I will observe some physical symptoms such as flushed appearance, fever, purulent sputum, would drainage and cloudy urine. This is because people showing such signs and symptoms might be admitted in medical centres because of the infections. Also, some infection such as nosocomial might be experienced if there is no effective health intervention undertaken. Promoting and teaching good hygiene will be profitable for the health condition because of the lowered immunity, thus reducing the risks/chances of cross-contaminations. I will also ensure that the processes of medication are kept free from bacteria among other microorganisms that might lead to infections. The importance of keeping asepsis is because the increased level of glucose in the blood creates a favourable development environment for bacteria, virus and other microorganisms (Begg, 2011). There will be a great need of providing sufficient skin care for the patient by massaging and ensuring that the skin is kept dry. Ineffective skin care might raise the chance of infections and breakdown because the infectious microorganisms will thrive well in a mismanaged skin surface. Listening to the breathing sounds of the patient will help in identifying cases of respiratory diseases, thus developing an effective medical intervention for the perceived disease. Deep breathing and coughing are encouraged because it helps in ventilating the lungs, thus increasing the efficiency of breathing (Munshi et al., 2016). Also, developing an effective disposal of the sputum among other secretions will help in managing chances of other infections. Finally, I would encourage to intake diet foods and fluids to reduce the susceptibility of disease infections. The patient should be weighed daily to observe the changes in weight, which shows the effectiveness of the diet plan. If the body condition is worsened, a better nutritional intake plan will be developed to help in improving the condition of the patient. The diet plan is very important because it contributes to improving the state of the body for the patient. Auscultating the bowel sounds will help in determining the efficiency of digestion, which might cause abdominal pains vomiting, nausea and bloating among other digestive problems. I will also use fluid containing nutrient because of the easy digestion and absorption. This will help the patient in managing the issue of nutrient deficiency in the blood. The best preference foods for the patient can be included in the diet plan to encourage him to eat and enjoy the meals. A ration of 3:1:1 should be used in the diet of carbohydrates, proteins and fats respectively to ensure that the foods are fairly balanced (Munshi et al., 2016). Conclusion In conclusion, patients suffering chronic diseases should be provided with effective nursing interventions to help them in maintaining a normal lifestyle. Also, cases of insufficient body functioning such as intelligence disability should be provided with sufficient support to help the victims receive fair treatment and assistance in their daily activities. Therefore, the living standards of the patients will be perfectly and more efficiently managed by managing their needs. References Begg, A. (2011). Practical Diabetes Care. European Diabetes Nursing, 8(2), 73-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/edn.182 Carpenito, L. (2009). Nursing care plans documentation. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Chicoine, B. McGuire, D. (2010). The guide to good health for teens adults with Down syndrome. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House. Franz, M. Wylie-Rosett, J. (2007). The 2006 American Diabetes Association Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 20(1), 49-52. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.20.1.49 Horn, D. (2011). Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disability and Significant Speech and Language Deficits in Patients with FOXP1 Deletions and Mutations. Molecular Syndromology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000330916 Munshi, M., Florez, H., Huang, E., Kalyani, R., Mupanomunda, M., Pandya, N. et al. (2016). Management of Diabetes in Long-term Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(2), 308-318. https://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2512

Shawn Sanders 4-28-98 AA Character Assignment Dee Brown, The Author Of

Shawn Sanders 4-28-98 AA Character assignment Dee Brown, the author of the book Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee, more often than not uses indirect characterization to describe those in his book, although it is not his only method of displaying the characters to the reader. For example the Sioux war leader, Roman Nose, who once stated, " I will ever surrender my land to the Whites," displayed his stubbornness by not only declaring his resistance but also through his actions against the White people to keep his land. Roman Nose's actions were, obviously, to send his warriors against the United States Army. Dee Brown, in fact, uses this combination of direct and indirect characterization throughout the book for most all of the main characters in each chapter especially the antagonists. General Sheridan, a commander in the army at the time, was quoted saying that, "The only good Indian I've ever seen is a dead Indian," and later proved his liking for "good Indians" by slaughtering hundreds of unarmed Native Americans. The methods used by the author in the book are quite effective overall in characterizing the characters in his book and give the reader a good insight into the natures of the people being depicted.

How to Answer the What is Your Current Salary Question in an Interview

How to Answer the What is Your Current Salary Question in an Interview It’s almost inevitable that in the course of your job search you will be asked for your salary history- either what you’re currently making, what you made in your previous position, or beyond. Employers want to know because they think it is a good gauge of your market value, and they want to get a sense of what salary level you might be expecting and/or hoping for. If you and the position you’re applying for are not in the same league, asking about salary can save you both a lot of time. That said, what if you’re being underpaid at your current position? What if you know you’re getting far less than market value, to say nothing of your actual value? Or what if you were hoping this new position would lead to a significant pay raise? Or it’s your dream job and you don’t care that you’d be taking a massive pay cut?Follow these guidelines and tactical options for when (and if) you should show your salary cards to your potential empl oyer.Think in terms of your worth, rather than your pay.There are situations in which divulging your salary information is basically like underbidding on yourself and setting the bar fairly low for negotiations. (And, in situations where you make dramatically more than the position would pay, you don’t want to scare anybody away from hiring you.) The trick with this strategy is to find out what the position is worth on the market and negotiate from that position.Address any major discrepancies with your current pay level in your cover letter. If the question comes up in your interview, simply deflect by saying you’ve researched the fair market value of the job in that region, and you’re sure that at the appropriate time, you would be able to settle a mutually appropriate figure. (Hint: you can’t say this unless you’re sure you would accept something in the fair market range.)It’s okay to deflect.If you’re keen not to give a number and the interviewer or HR department keeps pushing you, you can come up with a respectful way to say that you don’t believe your salary history should affect your prospective salary future at a different company- or in a different role or industry. Pivot again to describe the ways in which this job is different, and thus your salary comparison is not appropriate. If they’re all about the dollar amount and really getting pushy for no obvious reason, then ask yourself if this is the kind of company you really want to work for.Keep your cards close to your vest.Take caution, especially in the beginning! There’s no reason to preemptively disclose your salary history on your application. Put dashes in those boxes if they appear on any forms. If you’re asked for a resume and salary history, send just the resume. If they really want it/need it, they will ask, and you can proceed with your chosen strategy from there. If they do call you, that means they’re in terested in you. Score! You’ve just gotten one of their cards before showing your full hand!Of course, this strategy can easily backfire if no one calls you to get the extra information. Then you lose out on a potential interview. (Note: some civil service and other jobs require salary disclosure, but these have very rigid pay structures, so there’s much less risk to you. In these cases, divulge immediately.)Don’t stonewall.If you sense that you are really just frustrating your interviewer by not budging, maybe you can rethink. Try the tactic of honesty- the best policy. If you’re hesitating because you’re currently being woefully underpaid, try just being straightforward about that. This also opens up the conversation about why you think you’re being undervalued, which gives you another chance to sell your unique skills and expertise.The Bottom LineNo matter which strategy you go with, remember that the point is to explain your worth in ord er to get the salary you want. The only way to do this is by selling your skills and your particular blend of experience and expertise. Let your record stand as the biggest bargaining chip. You’re the best candidate at the fair market price you’re asking. It is possible to get what you want and what you deserve from the right company willing to realize your value.

Your 3 Step Cheat Sheet on How to Get a Job

Your 3 Step Cheat Sheet on How to Get a Job If you’ve been on the job hunt before, you know that a stellar resume and solid-gold experience are really only part of the process. Everything else hinges on how you present yourself in writing and in person. Hiring managers aren’t shy about sharing tips for job-seekers- after all, they have a huge interest in finding the best person available, and they want you to be that person. It’s a win all around when you get hired, so it’s in your best interest to take their recommendations to heart. So what do you need to know? Let’s walk through some of the most important strategies on how to get a job. . 1. Before You Apply2. The Interview3.  After the InterviewBefore You ApplyDon’t just dive in without a plan–disorganization will make both you and your job search process scattered and messy.Be focused (and realistic) in your search.If you’re looking to move up in your field, don’t apply for jobs that are a total reach for yo u, experience-wise. Make sure you’re applying for jobs that you can plausibly do with your experience level and skills. (The Muse recommends having 80% of the job requirements if you’re reaching.) If you’ve only had one three-year job out of school, applying for a CEO position because it came up in a keyword search is not going to be a productive use of anyone’s time. If a job calls for five years of experience when you have four years plus the requisite skills, that’s more reasonable. Just prepare to emphasize the skills and qualities that qualify you to do the job. Don’t apply indiscriminately for jobs in your industry and wait for something to stick.Know the job and the company.If you get stumped by a basic question like, â€Å"So what attracts you to this company?† in the interview, things are not going to go great from there. Doing some super-basic research ahead of time is the bare minimum of the prep you need to do when you app ly for a job opening. Not only can it help you form your interview talking points, but it could also set off any red flags early in the process. If you’re really interested in a marketing position at GiantCorp, but find out that you’d be marketing baby seal poison, that might not jive very well with your longtime ASPCA volunteering. It’s a waste of your time (and the hiring manager’s) if you go far down the path for a position or a company you’re really not interested in.Also know the company’s culture.If you’re looking for a company where you can wear jeans a few times a week and have a strong work-life balance, then you’re not going to be very happy if you accept a job at a place where you’re expected to wear formal business attire for your 75-hour work week. This can be tough to scope out ahead of an interview, but if you poke around the company website and check sites like Glassdoor, it can give you a glimpse into wh at it’s like to work for the company.Tailor your resume.This goes back to the first point, about not taking a one-size-fits-all approach. The recruiter or hiring manager is looking for The One, the Candidate to Rule Them All- not a vague outline of a person. Your job is to make them see how well you fit into this role, not every possible job opening. Before you apply, make sure your resume is massaged to match the job description, and you’ve played up your skills and experience accordingly.List job-specific skills on your resume, especially software.This is kind of an extension of the tailoring, but it also works even if the job description doesn’t ask for specific software proficiency. This is a quick, easy way to convey very specific information to the hiring manager. If you decide to hold out until the interview to talk about your Excel ninja skills for a job that lives and dies on spreadsheet analysis, it might already be too late, with your resume in the â €Å"nope† pile. It’s also an easy way to get past automated resume readers and keyword searches.The InterviewCongrats! You’ve made it to the next step. The prep work is done, right? Not so much. This just opens up a whole new set of expectations.Be confident- and show it.There’s always a chance that the interviewer will see past any nerves and decide that you’re supremely qualified, despite your nervous rambling or lack of eye contact. (I say this with love and respect, as a fellow introvert who has always struggled with interview confidence.) But you can’t really bet on that- you need to be as confident and clear as you can be in the interview. Practice your talking points (skills, experience) ahead of time, so that pauses can’t be misconstrued as â€Å"stalling for time† or its insidious cousin, â€Å"making stuff up.† Practice your interview handshake and eye contact, as well as your body language. And try to relax. T he stakes may feel high, but you want the interviewer to see as much of the real you (awesome professional edition) as possible.Be early(ish).The interview arrival sweet spot is 10-15 minutes ahead of your scheduled time. That gives you time to check in with someone (a receptionist, building security, etc.) and sit quietly for a minute to collect your thoughts. Being late is a no-no, but so is being too early. It’s awkward to sit around, and it’s awkward for your interviewer if he or she knows you’re just sitting around for 20 minutes while they wrap up another interview or try to get something done before your meeting. If you find you’re about to arrive at the place really early, kill time outside. If there’s a coffee place nearby, grab a small cup of your preferred beverage (maybe even a lucky scone). Catch up on headlines. Review your interview prep notes. Then, when you’re down to ten minutes ahead of game time, head into the building.Dr ess the part.Even if your pre-interview research tells you that everyone wears fashionably ripped jeans and concert tees to work at this place, dress up for your interview. Going too casual telegraphs that you don’t take this very seriously. You will never go wrong wearing with a clean, ironed, well-fitting suit for your interview.Don’t be snarky or inappropriate.Tone is super-important in your interview. You want to be approachable, and light jokes are fine- especially in the small talk phase at the beginning, or later in the congeniality competition. However, keep it light, and never make jokes at the expense of the interviewer, or the company.Don’t lie.Just don’t. Don’t exaggerate your Spanish skills on your resume, because you might walk into an interview with someone who spent three years living in Barcelona. Don’t suggest that you practically ran the place at your old job, because a quick call to someone at your old company could contr adict that right quick. It’s okay to play up skills and experiences, but always be sure you can back them up with specifics and references. If you get caught lying, that’s pretty much an automatic dealbreaker. Even if it’s a little fib, it throws your whole resume in doubt.Ask questions.If you don’t have any questions about the job, the day-to-day, or the people you’d be working with, the interviewer may get suspicious that you don’t care, or that you don’t really see yourself in the role. Up to now, it’s likely that you’ve only seen the posted job description- and those are usually bare bones at best. This is your chance to learn more about what the job is actually like, and figure out how you see yourself fitting in.RELATED:  The Best Questions to Ask During A Job InterviewAfter the InterviewYour job isn’t done when you walk out of your interview. For better or worse, you’re being judged on your post-in terview behavior–stay on your best and classiest behavior all the while.Send a thank you note.Even if the interview went terribly. Even if you said a lovely and poignant â€Å"thank you† to the interviewer as you left the room. Send the thank you note. It’s a nice touch, and lets the interviewer know that you’re still engaged and vested in this process. If you can drop a quick handwritten note in the mail, great- people appreciate that personal touch. At a bare minimum, send an email that same day.RELATED:  6 Steps to Writing a Great Thank You NoteDon’t pester anyone for a response.Whether you’re a kid or you’re a grown professional anxious to get word about your future, â€Å"Are we there yet? How about now? Okay, how about†¦now?† is not a good look. After the interview, give the company room to breathe. They might be meeting with other candidates, or going through an internal review/approval process. You won’t w in any bonus â€Å"hire me† points by checking in with HR (or the interviewer) every single day. Before you leave the interview, ask the interviewer if there’s a time frame for next steps. If that time passes and you’re anxious, you can send a brief email asking if there’s anything further they need from you. If you don’t hear back after a month, especially if your check-in email went unanswered, it’s safe to assume this just wasn’t to be.Remember: even when this job hunt feels like an impersonal process, there are always humans behind it reading your resume, and trying to get a sense of who you are. They see the good, the bad, and the ugly come across their desks when it’s time to hire someone new, and have a vested interest in making sure you fall into the â€Å"good† category and become an asset to their team. It may feel like a bit of a chore to have a checklist of actions to make yourself more appealing, but it†™s totally worth it in the long run.

Newcastle College international strategies and beyond with respect to Essay

Newcastle College international strategies and beyond with respect to India - Essay Example the validity of the hypothesis that the marketing strategy that has been most lucrative in the case of New Castle College in India has been one that is distinct from one that New Castle College generally employs and has been tailored for the Indian consumers. Over time, numerous colleges based in the United Kingdom have established their campuses in the Asian region (Cornuel 2005). Most notable of these ventures have been those that have been established in developing counties such as India where ventures such as these are being welcomed by local and federal governments (Aggarwal 1982). However, these colleges have observed that there is a stark difference between the marketing strategy that they use in the United Kingdom and the one that they should use in India (Trade and Industry Committee, Great Britain Parliament and House of Commons 2006). This difference has been attributed to the trends towards education that are found in the Indian populace. It is for the same reason that this paper shall use the case of the Indian campus of New Castle College and shall highlight the marketing strategy that New Castle College adopted in India in order to gain a better understanding of the same fact. The paper shall take advantage of publications such as Imagining Marketing: Art, Aesthetics, and the Avant-garde by Brown and Patterson, Geography of marketing and commercial activities in India: documentation on research information by Dixit, International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation by Doole and Lowe, Marketing across cultures in Asia by Gestelanda and Seyk, Marketing library and information services: international perspectives by Gupta and other similar publications. A complete list of readings that will be used in the research can be found in the suggested readings list at the end of this research proposal. The research shall initiate by considering literature that pertains to the marketing of academic institutions in foreign regions

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 119

Assignment Example Malachai started the business when he was in college and now he owns and manages the small service-oriented business by providing price quotes, hiring student painters, purchasing supplies, and advertising their services. He currently employs 22 painters and pays them $10.50 per hour for painting and â€Å"prep-work† (scraping old paint, caulking, cleaning and removing bugs from the areas that are to be painted). In order to be profitable, Malachai has learned to provide superior service to his customers, including free price quotes. He builds in his profit-margin of 25% to all quotes by first computing his total costs, then adding 25% of that number to determine how much to charge the customer. Using his knowledge of the expenses for labor, supplies, and equipment, he has developed the following information: b. (5 points) The Marks family needs to get the outside of their house painted, including the siding as well as the white trim. Malachai estimates that area of the exterior of the house is about 8,000 square feet. Based on the condition of the Marks’ house he also estimates that he will need 2 workers for 8 hours to do the prep-work. How much should Malachai quote for the cost of this job, including labor, supplies, and profit? c. (5 points) Write a formula reflecting the price estimate for a house based on the number of square feet that need to be painted. Assume that Malachai can accurately estimate the painted area (in square feet) and the amount of time it takes to complete the prep-work on a job. d. (10 points) What do you think? Using the evidence from above, explain in a well-structured essay the importance of accurate cost estimates in a service-oriented business such as this. Research at least one other service-oriented business such as a restaurant, dry-cleaners, house-cleaning service and describe how they set

It Happened On The Way To War Paper Essay Example for Free

It Happened On The Way To War Paper Essay It Happened On The Way To War is a book by Rye Barcott. This book talks about a marine who dreams of making a difference in the world. We read about his life, feeling as if we were a part of it. Three values that he clearly shows in this book are balance, leadership and Inspiration. Somebody once said that in order to succeed in life, you have to have a balance between your personal life and your professional life. Rye Barcott not only shows us the importance of having a balance, but he also shows us how hard it is to find that balance. While he was a part of the Marines, he was expected to transition easily from the combat mode to peace keeping mode. He thought that he will be able to separate the founder of Carolina for Kibera(CFK) from the marine that he was meant to be and vice versa. However as he started his journey, he soon realized how difficult finding balance actually is. After he came back from Kibera and started bootcamp. Rye noticed a difference in his performance. His said that for the first time in his life, he was in the bottom half of the class. â€Å" It’s like a dual culture shock† (90 Barcott, Rye) thats what is what his mother said that he was going through. This was the first time, we see Rye struggling to keep his personal and professional life separate. As time went by he was able to over come the cultural shock, however once he was an official marine. he was presented with a new challenge. He had to look at children that he was trying to improve the lives off, as potential suspects. As a marine he had to check kids that looked innocent for bombs and weapons and then then as a founder of CFK he had to go and help them. In my leadership class, I have been taught that in order to be a good leader you need to do 5 things. You have to model the way, inspire a shared vision, encourage the heart, challenge the process and enable others to act. In the book, Rye demonstrates most if not all of these 5 qualities. He modeled the way, by showing people that you don’t need to be rich in order to make a difference in the world, you just need dedication and a good group of people who are willing to work with you. When Rye met Salim, he decided to take take Salim’s vision of Kibera and make it his own. He inspired a shared a vision, Salim told Rye his dream about Kibera’s future and how he is currently trying to achieve it, however he probably did not expect Rye to actually support the dream or even come back to Kibera. However Rye shocked him by not only coming back to Kibera, but also by working with him to achieve his goal. Tabitha’s meeting with Rye is a great example of how Rye encouraged the heart.He had just met Tabitha and she was asking him to trust her and help her. There was no guarantee that Tabitha would succeed, but Rye supported her and helped her achieve her dream. Challenging the Process requires you to stand up and stand out of the crowd. There are many books published about a person and the amount of good her or she does in the world. However the reason that Rye’s story is different from others is because Rye is a marine. People are attracted to this book, because on the front cover the caption reads â€Å"A Marines Path To Peace† Which is very unique. When people think about the Marines, they think of war not peace. There aren’t many books about a marine that fights a war in the day, and runs a non-profit organization by night. The work that Rye does in his book, things like organizing soccer tournaments and trash clean ups, enables others to act. In order for the kids to play the sports, they have to help the community by cleaning up the trash. It taught the kids positive feedback. They did something good for others and in return they got something good out of it. This practice motivated the people of Kibera to act! This wasn’t the only way he enabled other to act, he was able to convince his friend Nate to help others and modeled the way for him. Inspiration is a huge deal in Rye’s life. He would have not achieved some much in his life, if he wasnt inspired by the people he met in his life. Tabitha and Salim showed him that even though they have faced many hardships, it is still possible to achieve your dreams as long as you work hard with passion and integrity. His teachers/professors at UNC helped him tremendously. When him and his friends weren’t able to get many funds, it was his professors that helped him get through, and motivated him and gave him guidance that eventually got him the funds that he needed. Not only did they guide him, but they helped him with his project. Professor Peacock and Kohn who he met in his freshman year helped him with his thesis in grad school and taught him how to run an effective non-profit organization. Even when he was a kid, his father’s marine friends were mentors for him. â€Å"My good fortune started when I was a bot.† (110, Barcott, Rye) They guided him and helped him realize his future plan. They guided him because they knew that he would in return be an inspiration and guide others in the future. Which is exactly what he did. He became an inspiration for the kids of Kibera. Rye Barcott’s journey in this book, wasn’t an easy one. The three values that he demonstrated in this book, balance, leadership and inspiration made him very unique. When he first started his journey, he did not have all three values, however as he grew as a person, he developed these values and tried to perfect them. Work Cited †¢ Barcott, Rye. Carolina For Kibera. N.p., n.d. Web. . †¢ Barcott, Rye. It Happend on the Way to War. USA: Bloomsbury, 2011. Print.

Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith Essay -- essays research p

Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are two of the character is in the book Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf. Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren Smith are unhappy with their lives. Although, Clarissa and Septimus are both unhappy the basis for their unhappiness stems from different reasons and/or events that have happened in their lives. But the both fear the can not feel as others feel. Clarissa Dalloway, a middle aged upper class woman, is unhappy because of choices she has made in her life she also fears that she can not feel things as others do. Septimus Smith, a World War I veteran, is unhappy because of effects of the war. Septimus worries that when Evan’s died he did not feel anything. Clarissa Dalloway wanted to be a part of the upper class English society. That is the reason she married Richard Dalloway. Throughout the novel Clarissa looks back on her experiences with Peter Walsh. She wonders if she made the correct choice in marrying Richard and rejecting Peter. Clarissa point out in †¦. That one of the reason she didn’t marry Peter is because he would ask her to feel too much. Richard does not ask her to feel things as Peter would. Clarissa didn’t love Richard when she married him but has learned to love him. Although she believes she made the right decision in marrying Richard, she still wonders how things would have been if she married Peter instead. Clarissa has a low self-confidence in her appearance ...

Case Study Freedomof Movement

Freedom of Movement Chaining Townsend palm Beach State College The way the court should the decide this case to support the European Union's commitment to labor mobility between member states is that they need to make a list of things they can do and have everyone in the court vote to see which suggestion is the best one. I don't think people out-side of the country should be getting a child raising allowance check from Germany. Even if they use to live in the country. If they wanted the check they should have stayed in Germany.Plus the plaintiffs husband works in Germany and the plaintiff herself works for border control. That means they can still live in Germany where it would be better for them to live and would still get a child raising allowance check every month. If the courts made a list of suggestions, then they can have multiple things that can happen. Also, if the one thing that they voted on just so happens to fail then what they can do is go over the list to see â€Å"wh at is the next best thing to do for the case. † Lastly the court will need to make that the people of Germany and Europe would not have a pacific problem with what the courts choose.If the citizens do not care for the court's opinion the bad things will happen, like riots and protests. The similarities between Germany and Austria to Illinois and Indiana is they are both between two different places. What mean about this is that Germany is its own country and Austria is also its own country while Illinois and Indiana are both their own states. Now the similarities between the child raising allowance law and the unemployment law are that they are both place to help out the community. Also they are both used to help people outside of the country or the state.They are both very helpful laws and are I am sure they are greatly appreciated by the people affected by them. The differences between the child raising allowance law and the unemployment law is that the child raising allowan ce law is for people in Germany that have children and only part time jobs, while the unemployment law is for people have either lost their job or never had one. But the unemployment law has nothing to do with whether the person has a child or not. Also Illinois and Indiana are a part of one country when Germany and Austria are two different countries and have different governmental spoke persons.

Enhanced Reading Instructions Essay

Differentiated Instructional demand of pupils makes it imperative for a instructor to be after out her direction in little groups and separate reading Centres to give pupils ample pattern. Teachers form little flexible groups of pupils. meeting twice or thrice a hebdomad for a specific clip. The instructor draws up similar structure† to bring forth thoughts. stimulate thought. do programs and make a desire† . ( Cited in Steering authorship and Observing Reading. p. 385 ) . Teachers† find more chance to utilize their cognition and accomplishments more to the full and effectively† . ( cited in Making Instructional Decisions. p. 461 ) . â€Å"Many usage alternate schemes in order to run into the particular demand of the students† ( Modifying Lessons. p. 461 ) Alternative lesson structures recommends the usage of at least two types of lesson constructions. One Guided Reading and the other Skill Focused Lessons. It follows a form where the text is selected. introduced. read and discussed. In a Teacher- led- Centre. â€Å"the option most favored today. Centre on incorporate course of study. an attempt to link the linguistic communication humanistic disciplines with other capable countries. frequently through subjects. Integration is encouraged across all capable countries. including math â€Å" . ( Basal Readers and Instructional Materials. Chp13. p. 0 ) â€Å"Skill development and pattern activities are frequently interspersed with originative enrichment thoughts in the teacher’s usher. † ( Chp13. p. 460 ) Students who need focused acquisition to go fluid and accurate in their use. Skill Focused Lessons are planned out by a instructor. like †writing. speaking. . . brainstorming†¦ function playing. doodling. pulling. cartooning. jotting ain thoughts. taking notes. interviewing and even organizing mental images through visual image and in writing organisers. † ( Steering Writing and Observing Reading p. 385 ) . Thus guidelines are set. which help heighten effectual reading composing in a schoolroom. Mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fcrr. org/assessment/pdf/smallgroupalternativelessonstructures. pdf

British Columbia Geography and Facts

British Columbia Geography and Facts British Columbia is the province located the farthest west in Canada and is bounded by the Alaska Panhandle, the Yukon and Northwest Territories, Alberta and the U.S. states of Montana, Idaho and Washington. It is a part of the Pacific Northwest and is Canadas third most populated province behind Ontario and Quebec.British Columbia has a long history that still shows throughout much of the province today. It is believed that its native peoples moved into the province nearly 10,000 years ago after crossing the Bering Land Bridge from Asia. It is also likely that British Columbias coast became one of the most densely populated areas in North America prior to European arrival.Today, British Columbia features urban areas like Vancouver as well as rural areas with mountain, ocean and valley landscapes. These varied landscapes have led to British Columbia becoming a popular tourist destination in Canada and activities such as hiking, skiing and golf are common. In addition, most recently, British Columbia played host to the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. British Columbias Population and Ethnicities British Columbias First Nations people may have numbered around 300,000 prior to European contact. Their population remained largely undisturbed until 1778 when the British explorer James Cook landed on Vancouver Island. The native population then began to decline in the late 1700s as more Europeans arrived. In the late 1800s, British Columbias population grew further when gold was discovered in the Fraser River and on the Caribou coast, leading to the establishment of several mining towns. Today, British Columbia is one of the most ethnically diverse regions in Canada. Over 40 aboriginal groups are still represented and different Asian, German, Italian and Russian communities thrive in the area as well. British Columbias current population is around 4.1 million, with the largest concentrations being in Vancouver and Victoria. Facts About Region and Topography The province of British Columbia is often divided into six different regions beginning with Northern British Columbia, followed by the Caribou Chilcotin Coast, Vancouver Island, the Vancouver Coast and Mountains, the Thompson Okanagan and the Kootenay Rockies. British Columbia has a varied topography throughout its different regions and mountains, valleys and scenic waterways are common. To protect its natural landscapes from development and over tourism, British Columbia has a diverse system of parks and 12.5% of its land is protected. British Columbias highest point is Fairweather Mountain at 15,299 feet (4,663 m) and the province has an area of 364,764 square miles (944,735 sq km). British Columbias Climate Like its topography, British Columbia has a varied climate that is highly influenced by its mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Overall, the coast is temperate and wet. The interior valley regions such as Kamloops are generally hot in the summer and cold in the winter. British Columbias mountains also have cold winters and mild summers. Economy Historically, British Columbias economy has focused on natural resource extraction such as fishing and timber. Recently however, industries such as ecotourism, technology and film have grown in the province. Main Cities The largest cities are Vancouver and Victoria. Other big cities in British Columbia include Kelowna, Kamloops, Nanaimo, Prince George, and Vernon. Whistler, though not large is one of British Columbias most popular cities for outdoor activities- particularly winter sports. Resources and Further Reading Tourism British Columbia. (n.d.). About BC - British Columbia - Tourism BC, Official Site. Retrieved from: hellobc.com/en-CA/AboutBC/BritishColumbia.htm

Herrmann Last Name Meaning and Family History

Herrmann Last Name Meaning and Family History The German Herrmann is a patronymic surname which means soldier, army man, or warrior derived from the Germanic elements heri, meaning army, and mann, meaning man. Harmon and Hermon are common English variants of this surname. Alternate Surname Spellings:  Herrman, Hermann, Herman Famous People With the Herrmann Surname Bernard Herrmann  - American composer  best known as the author of scores for Orson Welles and Alfred Hitchcock films including Citizen Kane and PsychoAlexander Herrmann  - French magician known as Herrmann the GreatHans Herrmann -  Ã‚  Former Formula One driver from Stuttgart, GermanyEdward Herrmann - American actor, best known for his role as the patriarch, Richard, on Gilmore Girls  Jakob Hermann - Swiss mathematicianWalter Herrmann - German nuclear physicist Where Is the Herrmann Name Most Common? According to Forebears, the  Herrmann surname can be traced back to Brandenburg, and is still most commonly found in Germany, ranking as the countrys 38th most common surname. It is also somewhat common in Switzerland, Austria, and Luxembourg. Data from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicates the Herrmann surname is equally prevalent throughout much of Germany, with a slightly higher incidence around Saarland and Sachsen. Surname maps from MyHeritage.de indicate the Hermann  last name is focused in scattered pockets around Germany and is most common in the counties and cities of Berlin, Munich, Hamburg, Region Hannover, Ortenaukreis, Reutlingen, Dresden, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Leipzig, and Saarlouis. Family Crest or Coat of Arms Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Herrmann family crest or coat of arms for the Herrmann surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Genealogy Resources Meanings of Common German Surnames - Uncover the meaning of your last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames.Harmon/Harman/Herman  DNA  Surname Project - Individuals with the Harmon  surname, and variations such as  Herman, Herrmann, Herrman, Harman and Herman, are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about their family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate.HERRMANN  Family Genealogy Forum - This free message board is focused on descendants of Herrmann ancestors around the world. Search or browse the archives for information on your ancestors, or join the group and post your own Herrmann query.FamilySearch - HERRMANN  Genealogy - Explore over 2.4 million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Herrmann surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Je sus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GeneaNet - Herrmann  Records - GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408

Exam paper---read the requirement I send you carefully Essay - 2

Exam paper---read the requirement I send you carefully - Essay Example Explanation will be given how the perfectly competitive firms response due to changes in consumer demand. Another market structure is Monopoly. In monopoly market there is only one seller in the market. The differences between the characteristics of the two markets will be discussed. In this paper, brief explanation will be given for different types of market structure. Main Body Perfect Competition Demand –Supply Equilibrium The equilibrium is a situation where the market demand is equal to the market supply. This means for a particular industry, the market demand will be equal to the market supply. Suppose the Pizza industry is providing the same supply of Pizza as compared to the demand for the product. In case of market equilibrium, there is no pressure for price change because both the consumers and producers are satisfied in this situation. There is neither excess supply in the market nor excess demand in the market (Machovec, 2002, p.19). In the above diagram, the equil ibrium has been shown by the interaction between demand and supply curve. P is the market price and Q is the quantity demanded. Market will produce OQ amount of output and the consumers will demand the same amount of output. So the price will remain same. Due to changes in any of the factors, the entire equilibrium position will get affected. It would result in either excess demand or excess supply. In perfect competition, the firms are price takers. In the short run equilibrium for perfect competition, the price is determined by the demand –supply equilibrium. P1 is the market price and each firm follows the same price. As the price is same for each unit sold the AR curve will be constant and it will be equal to the MR curve. At, MR=MC the firm maximizes its profits. In the following diagram, the profit maximizing output is Q1 and the market price is P1. The firm’s profit is shown by the shaded area. The firm earns supernormal profit because AR is more than AC. Super Normal profit In short run, there are three situations existing in the market. Super Normal Profit: When average revenue is greater than average cost (AR>AC) the firm earns super normal profit. In case of super normal profit, the existing firms earn high profit so the other players will also try to enter into the market. When the new players cut through the competition the firm again starts to earn normal profit (McEachern, 2006, p.43). Normal Profit: When Average Revenue is equal to Average Cost (AR=AC) the firm earns normal profit. Loss: When Average revenue is less than Average Cost (AR

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 16

Homework - Assignment Example 5.Go to Earth-Sun in the "to scale" mode. Click to show the masses of each object. At this point the Earths period should be 365 days (if it is not, just hit the reset button). Double the Sun’s mass. What is approximately the new period? Dont forget your units! 8. According to Newtons theory of gravity, if I double the mass of the Sun, by how much should the velocity of the Earth change? How much should the period change?. Does this agree with what you found in question 5? If not, why not? Now imagine that instead of orbiting around an object you are orbiting inside of an object of uniform density (this is possible if you are orbting inside of a thin gas with no drag for example). We will assume the orbit is circular. Newton showed that the only mass that matter for your orbiting motion is the mass inside of the radius you are orbiting as the figure below shows. where V is the volume which goes like the radius cube. The mass inside of a radius r increases as the volume increases. As I move the satellite further away from the center, there is more and more mass inside the orbit. The figure below shows the measured speed of stars (in km/s) orbiting a neighbor galaxy as a function of distance from the center of that galaxy. Kpc stands for kilo parsec and it is an astronomical unit to measure distance. On the figure, we added the image of the galaxy. Amost all the visible matter ends at 4 kilo parsec. Can you explain the graph between 1 kpc and 4 kpc? What do you think is going on between 4 kpc and 6 kpc? Between 4KPC and 6 KPc – Despite an increase in the radius increases the the velocity is increasing. The increase in velocity can be attributed to the fact that the masses of the of the bodies beween 4kpc and 6kpc are

Simulation Based Learning in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Simulation Based Learning in Nursing - Essay Example Simulation is a new technology wherein you can practice your skills and knowledge on a simulated set up similar to the actual set up such as an operating room. Using a life size mannequin the training will be done base on the actual situation. The purpose of this study is to be able to compare the pre and post patient outcome training using the simulation as well as give pre and post test to the groups on training. The crisis team training may include healthcare professionals who are usually involve in crisis management. Nurses play an important role in crisis management. Technology is now the key factor in order to have an effective crisis management. Below is my proposal of how the training will undergo using simulation. Clinical simulation in crisis management training allows trainees to learn more than just clinical skills. Through role playing during crisis scenarios and detailed debriefing sessions, trainees can discover and gain useful insights into the various errors contributing to the initiation and evolution of a medical crisis. They can also learn other skills that are essential in managing a medical crisis, such as resource utilization, communication skills, teamwork, and leadership skills. David Kolb's Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (1984) theorized that four combinations of perceiving and processing determine four learning styles that make up a learning cycle.

Importance and factors involved in marital adjustment

Importance and factors involved in marital adjustment According to Alfred Adler (1978), marriage is part of the three tasks (i.e., work, friendship, and love) that the human community sets for every individual. Relationship importance Over the course of life, people learn to establish different relationships, with different values, expectations and commitments. One of those relationships is the marital relationship. For A good marital relationship marital adjustment is essential. Sinha Mukerjee (1990) defines marital adjustment as The state in which there is an overall feeling in husband and wife of happiness and satisfaction with their marriage and with each other. Locke Wallace (1959) defines marital adjustment as: accommodation of husband and wife to each other at a given time According to Spanier and Cole (1976), marital adjustment is a process, the outcome of which is determined by the degree of: a) troublesome marital differences, b) interpersonal tensions and personal anxiety, c) marital satisfaction d) dyadic cohesion, e) consensus on matters of importance to marital functioning. There are a number of factors that define a healthy marital adjustment. Some of these factors are Factors involved in Marital Adjustment: Wife employment and Marital Adjustment: Blumstein and Schwartz (1983) had earlier found that individuals, particularly wives, reported increased levels of self-esteem, self-concept, and self-worth were positively correlated with employment. Previous research on the relationship be- tween wife employment and marital adjust- ment has produced conflicting results: some investigations report a positive relationship between wife employment and marital adjust- ment (Burke Weir, 1976; Hartley, 1978); others suggest a negative relationship (Bean, Curtis, Marcum, 1977; Gover, 1963); other studies show no relationship (Bahr Day, 1978; Blood Wolfe, 1960). Nathawat and Mathur (1993) did a study in India about marital adjustment and subjective well-being in Indian-educated housewives and working women. Their results indicated that working women had better marital adjustment and subjective well-being. Working women reported high scores on general health, life satisfaction and self-esteem measures lower scores on hopelessness, insecurity and anxiety whereas the housewives had lower scores on negative affect than the working women. Trust and marital adjustment: Relationships are composed of trust, and sharing of intimate thoughts and feelings. They are built upon trust and sharing and they get stronger from these things (Finkenauer, Kerkhof, Righetti, Branje, 2009). According to Regan, Kocan, and Whitlock (1998) Trust is one of the most important component of a loving relationship. Also international studies have found trust to be a critical factor in the success of long-term marriages (Roizblatt et al. 1999; Sharlin 1996). In a longitudinal study, Kristina Moeller and Hakan Stattin (2001) report that adolescents with trustful parental relationships experienced greater satisfaction with their partner relationships in midlife. Quality of life and marital adjustment Psychological Factors: Depression stress (psychological well being) Lower psychological well-being is a major risk factor for relationship distress. Higher rates of relationship problems have been consistently linked to persons suffering from severe psychiatric disorders, including depression, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders (Bradbury, 1998). Many studies link marital conflict to depression (Beach, Arias, OLeary, 1987; OLeary and Beach, 1990). Although the authors propose a bidirectional causal relationship between marital conflict and depression, they suggest that marital conflict is typically a more powerful contributing factor to depression. Marital satisfaction appears to be an important factor of psychological well being. Marital distress has been linked with many psychological difficulties especially depression. (KAUSAR ANSARI.. thesis) . Belongingness and Marital Adjustment: According to Baumeister Leary (1995) Belongingness might have multiple and strong effects on emotional patterns and on cognitive processes. Lack of belongingness or attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. In a close relationship there is a need to belong and if that need isnt fulfilled then problems may occur. One of the universal institutions is marriage which is accepted to satisfy the need for belongingness. Economics and Marital Adjustment Education and income have also been linked to marital satisfaction and marital conflict, with greater levels of education and income predicting greater marital satisfaction and less conflict. Economic stress has a negative effect on marital satisfaction and a positive influence on relationship dissolution (Johnson Booth, 1990). Economic strain is directly linked to increased couple disagreements and has direct impact on marital adjustment (Kinnunen and Feldt, 2004). Many researches haves been conducted on economic factor in relation to marital adjustment e.g Zedlewski (2002) studied economic factor in relation to family well-being , he found that low family income and limited benefits have negative influences on child and family well-being. Voyandoff (1990) studied economic distress and family relations.   Ross Mirowsky (1992) and Yadollahi (2009) studied that employment of spouses  and the sense of control in various types of stressors of marital life. Diener and Diener (2001) investigated that wealth is related to many positive outcomes in life. Gudmunson, Beutler, Israelsen, McCoy Hill (2007) found that financial problems significantly contributed to lower reported marital satisfaction among married couples. In a study in Finland conducted by Kinnunen and Feldt (2004) concluded that husbands unempl oyment is strongly associated with his marital adjustment. Couples with better economic resources are martially adjusted as compared to those who have limited economic resources. Economic hard times increased rate of martial distress.   (Blekesaunes   2008)   Personality and Marital Adjustment In a study by Bouchard, Sabourin, Lussier, Y. (1999) the relationship of various personality traits with marital adjustment was studied. Personality traits studied were neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The scale used to measure marital adjustment was dyadic adjustment scale. The results showed that women high in agreeableness and openness were more adjusted. Also males that were high on openness and agreeableness were more martially adjusted. Husbands openness was positively related to their wives marital adjustment. Open individuals may tolerate and respect differences in behavior and thought of partner which would reduce the number of conflicts and increase the consensus between spouses. Kim, Martin, and Martin (1989) and Levine and Henessy (1990) found that personality factors differentiated stable from unstable marriages. Stable marriages were more similar in intelligence, protension, radicalism, tender-mindedness, mutual trust, acceptance, enthusiasm, and genuineness. Personality factors that reduce the likelihood of stability and satisfaction have included the lack of warmth and extraversion (Levine Henessy); passive-aggression (Slavik, Carlson, Sperry, 1998); borderline pathologies (Paris Braverman, 1995); bipolar disorders (Peven Schulman, 1998); feelings of insecurity, unfairness, depreciation, and powerlessness (Begin, Sabourin, Lussier, Wright, 1997); disagreeableness, emotional instability, inconsiderateness, and physical abuse (Botwin et al., 1997; Kosek, 1996; Shackelford Buss, 1997); depression (Cohan Bradbury, 1997; Davila Bradbury, 1997; Fals-Stewart, Birchler, Schafer, Lucente, 1994); neuroticism (Karney Bradbury, 1997; Russell Wells, 1994a ; Russell Wells, 1994b); tension, anxiety, worry, and suspicion (Craig Olson, 1995); hostility, defensiveness, and aggression (Heyman, OLeary, Jouriles, 1995; OLeary, Malone, Tyree, 1994; Newton, Kiecolt-Glaser, Glaser, Malarkey, 1995); and negative affectivity leading to negative attributions (Huston Vangelistic, 1991; Karney, Bradbury, Fincham, OSullivan, 1994). Individual personality traits have also been linked to couples relationship functioning for both men and women. Personality traits of neuroticism, anxiety, and emotional instability have been shown to impair relationship functioning and reduce relationship satisfaction (Watson Clark, 1984). Additionally, personality characteristics of agreeableness and expressiveness have been referred to as individual protective factors, which may enhance marital satisfaction (Bradbury, Campbell, Fincham, 1995). Communication and Marital Adjustment: Communication is necessary for human growth and development also it serves as the essential foundation for marital success and is the facilitating process for an enduring marriage that is satisfying (Robinson Blanton, 1993). Communication within relationships is an important factor, if there isnt communication the relationship suffers. The relationship between marital communication and adjustment is a strong one (Murphy Mendelson 2004). Gottman (1995) in his book indicated that communication could be both productive and destructive to relationships as unhappy couples tend to criticize, disagree, complain, put down, and use excuses and sarcasm. Unrewarding communication patterns lead to the development of relationship distress (Markman, 1979). In contrast, happy couples with marital stability and satisfaction are more likely to use active listening skills, agree, approve, assent, use laughter and humor (Fisher, Giblin, Hoopes, 1982) and possess character virtues of self-restraint, courage, and friendship (Fowers Olson, 1986). Gottman (1995) has suggested that satisfied couples maintain a five-to-one ratio of positive to negative exchanges in interactions Gender also plays an important role in couple communication as there are gender differences in verbal and nonverbal communication with men tending to be more dominant in their interactions and women being more submissive (Tannen, 1990). Emmers-Sommer (2004) studied the effect of communication quality and quantity indicators on satisfaction in relationships. A key term in the study was quality time; this refers to focused, uninterrupted time spent with children, partners, friends, and significant others. Another key term used in the study was quantity time; this refers to frequency of communication or contact. For individuals to reach relationship satisfaction they have to examine the quantity and quality of their disclosures with their partners. Emmers-Sommer (2004) found that quality of communication predicts both relationship satisfaction and intimacy. The quantity of communication, however, was not a predictor for relationship satisfaction. Concealment/Non- disclosure and marital adjustment: Disclosure  as a phenomenon was first investigated by Sidney Jourard (1971). The process was originally defined as telling others about the self. Rosenfeld (1979) explained self-disclosure as the personal information of self that is only available from himself and is not available from other sources. Jorgensen Gaudy (1980) defines self disclosure as: A process by which a marriage partner ex- presses feelings, perceptions, fears, and doubts of the inner self to the other partner, allowing relatively private and personal information to surface in the relationship that normally would not be revealed in the course of day-to-day interaction. The word conceal has been originated from the Latin work Concelare , celare means to hide. Merriam Webster defines concealment as  to prevent disclosure or recognition. Concealment is the activity of hiding information and keeping secrets from other people. Larson and Chastain (1990) explained self concealed personal information as firstly, a subset of private personal information, secondly, it is accessible only to the individual and thirdly it is actively kept from the awareness of others. Thus, self-concealment involves the conscious concealment of private information like feelings, thoughts, actions or events that one perceives as highly intimate, distressing or negative. Even though concealment and disclosure seem the same, there is some difference between self-disclosure and self-concealment. According to Larson and Chastain 1990 the act of revealing personal information is self- disclosure whereas the act of concealing personal information is self-concealment. They argued that self-concealment and self-disclosure are two separate and distinct constructs even though they are related. Effects of concealment/non-disclosure on marital adjustment Feelings of Exclusion People usually resent it when they perceive that another person is keeping secrets from them. The general reaction towards concealment is that of exclusion since in that persons view his right to know is being violated. This level or degree of exclusion felt by a person is higher when these persons are in a close and intimate relationship (Finkenauer, Kerkhof, Righetti, Branje, 2009). Marital relationships are composed of trust, and sharing of intimate thoughts and feelings. They are built upon trust and sharing and they get stronger from these things. Therefore the quality of relationship is influenced adversely when there is a perception of concealment from partner. The perception of concealment effects on relationship quality, the person feels rejected or excluded (Finkenauer, Kerkhof, Righetti, Branje, 2009). The exclusion that is communicated by concealment can be assumed to violate almost all features and values commonly associated with close relationships, including trust, caring, honesty, friendship, companionship, unconditional acceptance, and respect (Finkenauer, Kerkhof, Righetti, Branje, 2009). Psychological effects To keep secrets or deliberately conceal information from others seems to be part of normal development. Even though every person has secrets they can sometimes be a burden. There are different types of secrets people keep like having cheated on an exam, having a disease, sexual orientation or having been sexually molested as a child. Most of these secrets involve stigmatizing or negative information that usually involves the secret keepers themselves. People who conceal negative or distressing information of self from others as compared to the ones who do not, are more depressed, anxious, shy and have low self-esteem.(Kelly, Klusas, Weiss Kenny, 2001) Effects of Disclosure on marital adjustment Self-disclosure and liking The earliest work done on the relationship between disclosure and liking was by Jourard (1959) who found a positive association between liking the other person and disclosing to that person in a sample of nursing students and faculty. A number of studies have been done on this relationship and confirmed that we disclose more to people whom we like. (e.g., Certner,1973, Fitzgerald, 1963; Worthy, Gary, Kahn, 1969) and also we tend to like the people who disclose personal information to us (e.g., Archer, Berg, Runge, 1980; Daher Banikiotes, 1976;Taylor, Gould, Brounstein, 1981). Self-Disclosure and psychological well-being Most of the studies done on the relationship between concealment and psychological well-being have shown the same results which are that higher levels of disclosure are associated with psychological wellbeing and lower levels of disclosure are associated with poorer mental health. Disclosing distressing information helps with the psychological well-being and not disclosing leads to poorer mental health. It is thought that disclosing distressing information helps psychological well-being by reducing the stress of keeping the information to oneself (Ichiyama et al 1993; Cramer, 1999; Barry and Mizrahi, 2005; Hook and Andrews, 2005; Kahn et al 2002). Gender differences and concealment: Concealment is behavior that is more common in males. On the other hand previous studies indicate that females are usually more willing to disclose distressing or personal information. Traditionally, discussing personal problems is a behavior that is considered more appropriate for females than for males (Kahn and Hessling, 2001). Among men, asking for help when faced with psychological problems is often perceived as a weakness (Jourard and Lasakow, 1958; West, 1970; Jourard, 1971; Cozby, 1973; Kelly and Achter, 1995; Kahn and Hessling, 2001). Moreover, traditional sex-role stereotypes suggest that females are more skillful in communicating and also are more concerned with issues of intimacy than are men. So an intimate disclosure by a man may be seen as less appropriate than a similar disclosure by a woman (Collins Miller 1994). All in all men who disclose are generally viewed as maladjusted whereas women who do not disclose may be viewed as maladjusted. (Collins Miller 1994). Age and tendencies towards disclosure/ non-concealment and in terms of age it has been found that young people are more likely to disclose than older people. (Jourard, 1971; Hook and Andrews, 2005). Literature Review: Labels such as satisfaction, adjustment, success, happiness, and quality have all been used in describing the quality of marriage (Fincham, Beach, Kemp-Fincham, 1997) Theories on marital adjustment and disclosure Social penetration theory: Many studies have dealt with self disclosure. One main theory that was a framework for the study is Social Penetration Theory (Altman Taylor, 1987). This theory was a model for the study because it looks at self disclosure as both the depth and the breadth. In this study the depth of self disclosure is an important factor when reaching satisfaction in relationships. Altman and Taylor use an onion as a metaphor for relationship development. They suggest that the onion represents the breadth and depth of self disclosures. On the outer layer of the onion individuals have the breadth of disclosures: a broad aspect of a person such as their tastes, worldview, and studies. As individuals go deeper into the onion, they get to the depth of disclosures meaning they get more detail on aspects of an individual. This represents the degree of a persons disclosure. The main route to deep social penetration is through individuals disclosures. The depth of penetration would represent the degree of personal disclosure. Altman and Taylor (1987) suggest the depth of penetration into the onion model is the degree of intimacy. This study examines the depth of penetration, breadth is equally important in relationships. This theory supports the idea that people who have a high level of depth in their disclosure will be more satisfied in romantic relationships. This theory does not examine the amount of self disclosure as it does the depth of self disclosure. Three competing models of marital disclosure and satisfaction Jorgensen Gaudy (1980) gave models for marital disclosure and satisfaction and according to Spanier (1976) marital satisfaction is a sub category of marital adjustment. According to the linear model of marital relationship, there exists a positive, linear relationship between marital disclosure and marital satisfaction. Marital relationship is characterized by factors like intimacy, trust and caring. Marital disclosure positively impacts these factors and therefore presence of these factors in a marital relationship systematically increase the level of marital satisfaction. Therefore, this model suggests that higher the level of marital disclosure greater will be the marital satisfaction and vice versa. The curvilinear model as opposed to the linear model suggests that a satisfying marital relationship exists only with medium levels of self disclosure. When self disclosure falls on the high or low end of the continuum of self disclosure, marital satisfaction will decrease. This means that too lack of self disclosure is not the only factor that results in low marital satisfaction. Extensive self disclosure might be perceived as nagging or too much complaining which might raise negative feelings of hostility in the spouse which in turn will decrease the marital satisfaction. Hence, according to this model moderate levels of self disclosure are characterized as a key factor in achieving high marital satisfaction. John Gottmans (1999) scientifically validated theory of marriage, based on 25 years of longitudinal research, is one of the leading theories in the study of marital satisfaction. Gottmans theory (1999) states that positive interaction and friendship is the key to marital satisfaction and the prediction of marital stability over time. According to Gottman (1999), a ratio of 5:1 positive to negative interactions is necessary for marital stability. Gottman defines marital stability as a satisfying marital relationship that is not disrupted by separation or divorce. He states, The most important finding was that more positive affect was the only variable that predicted both marital stability and happiness (p. 21). In Gottmans theory (1999), there is a process of what he calls sentiment override in couples. He states, Sentiment override can be either positive or negative. Negative sentiment override means that people have a chip on their shoulder. These types of partners are hypervigilant, looking for slights or attacks by their partner. Positive sentiment override means that even negativity by the partner is interpreted as informative rather than as a personal attack (p. 164). Positive sentiment override creates a milieu in which the partners are more tolerant and accepting of each other, while negative sentiment override creates a set of expectations that ones spouse will behave negatively. Similarly, OLeary and Smith (1991) refer to this phenomenon as cognitive attributional correlates of marital satisfaction. These authors state that distressed couples are less likely to objectively interpret positive behaviors from their spouses as positive and more likely to interpret the intent of their spouses statements more negatively than they were meant to be. Compared to non-distressed couples, dissatisfied spouses make attributions that cast their partners behavior in a negative light and these attributions in turn negatively influence marital satisfaction (Bradbury Fincham, 1990). In summary, according to Gottman (1999) as well as OLeary and Smith (1991) it is not what happens in the marriage, but how the partners perceive and define what has happened that is critical. Gottman posits that 69% of couples problems will be what he calls, perpetual problems, meaning largely unresolvable. He has found that in the case of the perpetual problems, it is important for couples to establish a dialogue, as opposed to a solution in these instances. When couples cannot dialogue about these issues, they often become gridlocked, where each partner becomes frustrated and eventually emotionally disengaged. The role of communication therefore plays an important role in marital satisfaction. Studies examining marital satisfaction vary in design, measurement, and outcomes, leading to a number of explanations accounting for marital satisfaction (Gottman, 1999). Perception of concealment has an adverse effect on marital relationships. Some researches have been carried out related to this issue. In a longitudinal study it was studied how perceiving concealment in close relationships influences marital well-being. The research showed that people in marital relationships who perceive their partner to be concealing information from them had poor relationships, mistrust and conflict between them. In the study it was also discussed that people who conceal information also perceive that the other person is concealing information from them. Perceiving concealment may give the other partner the impression that he/she is not desirable or cannot be trusted; it gives the other person the feelings of being excluded. And the feeling of exclusion may result in feelings of separation or estrangement which may result in marital conflict (Finkenauer et al., 2009). Another study conducted in Belgium has investigated disclosure and secrecy in close, long-term relationships. It showed in the study that secrecy contributed a lot to marital dissatisfaction. The study explains how a person who has a secret avoids a difficult topic rather than facing it to avoid conflict, while the other partner perceives the secrecy as a sign of suspicion, which contributes negatively to marital satisfaction. Another point in the study was that people trying to hide something on the way feel that they have to put on a mask for the other person so he/she doesnt get to know their secret; they have to pretend which may lead to less intimacy and closeness. People who felt comfortable with sharing their emotions and were able to talk about matters were more satisfied with their relationship. One of the questionnaires used to test their study was the Larson and Chastains (1990) Self- Concealment Scale (Finkenauer Hazam, 2000). Low expressiveness leads to dissatisfaction in a marital relationship. Miller et al. (2003) argued that expressive people are less likely to suffer decline in marital satisfaction. They found that spouses expressiveness was positively related to their own and partners affectionate behaviors and this affectionate behavior was in turn related with marital satisfaction. Expressiveness is positively associated with peoples perception of their partners responsiveness. Davidson, Balswick Halverson (1983) did a study on the Affective Self-Disclosure and Marital Adjustment. It was based upon 162 married couples. The study explains that the greater is the discrepancy in partners affective self-disclosure, the lesser is the individuals marital adjustment. READ WHOLE PAPER AND WRITE. Sprecher and Hendrick (2004) examined the relationship between self-disclosure and relationship quality and found a positive relationship between disclosure and relationship quality. Self-disclosure is an indicator of satisfaction in romantic relationships. Levesque, Steciuk, and Ledley (2002) studied how self-disclosure relates to the development of personal relationships, relational intimacy, and relationship dissolution. The results showed that perceived intimacy was strongly associated with level of self-disclosure. Self-disclosure was found to be strongly reciprocal. Levesque et al. 2002 found that the level of self-disclosure strongly influences individual differences between disclosers. HANSEN E.J SCHULDT J.W (1984) did a study on marital self-disclosure and marital satisfaction. The sample for the study was on a sample of 50 married couples of mean age 25 years and mean length of marriage was 3.18 years and mean education was 15 years. Scales used for measuring the variables were Jourards self disclosure questionnaire( jourard and Lasakow, 1958) and Spaniers (1976) Dyadic Adjustment Scale. the results of the study showed that wifes disclosure to husband was positively related to husbands marital satisfaction and husbands disclosure to wife was also positively related to husbands marital satisfaction. One predictor that may have particular importance to marital satisfaction is gender roles. According to Kurdek (2005) there are two classes of theories that explain the position about how men and women experience close relationships in different ways. the first class, that is the biological, posits that males and females in a relationship process events differently at the cardiovascular, endocrinological, immunological, neurosensory, and neurophysiological levels. For example Kiecolt-Glaser Newton (2001) in their research reviewed evidence showing that men are more physiologically sensitive to acute stressors than women and women showed stronger and more durable physiological changes than men in marital conflict. The other class that is the class of social psychological theories posits that both genders differ in ways that are directly relevant to relationship functioning like the structure and content of how the self is constructed, personality traits and socialized roles. The other class that is the class of social psychological theories posits that both genders differ in ways that are directly relevant to relationship functioning like the structure and content of how the self is constructed, personality traits and socialized roles. Other research has also substantiated that marriage disproportionately benefits men, with husbands reporting higher levels of marital satisfaction and well-being than their wives (Bird Fremont, 1991; McRae Brody, 1989; Schumm, Webb, Bollman, 1998). Gender is defined as the socially determined role of an individual that is ascribed as a result of his or her sex (Juni Grimm, 1994). Gender roles influence men and women in every aspect of their lives and relationships (Knox Schacht, 2000). Demographic characteristics including age, race, income, education, length of marriage, and religiosity, have been linked to marital satisfaction and marital conflict (Knox Schacht, 2000). Based on Gottmans (1999) research, length of marriage is also a significant predictor for marital satisfaction and marital conflict. He identifies two critical time periods of vulnerability in the marital trajectory, with the majority of couples divorcing within the first seven years of marriage. Couples who divorce within the first seven years of marriage have relationships characterized by having high levels of marital conflict. Conversely, a second vulnerable time period for the marital trajectory is 16 to 24 years of marriage. This is the next most likely time frame for couples to divorce. These relationships are characterized by spending little time together, lack of communication, and a lack of conflict expression. Gottman (1999) refers to these couples as two ships passing in the night.